JULIO (Judicious Location for Intrusions Observations) mooring is located close to the 100 m-deep isobath (around 5.25°E and 43.13°N), offshore Marseille. With its bottom-moored (300kHz) ADCP, it enables measuring horizontal currents (every 4 m and every ½ h) through the water column, and among others, identifying periods of exchange between the Northern Current and the continental shelf. It is one crucial component in the study of the coastal-offshore gradient from Marseille to the MOOSE 42°N5°E station, and potential covariances with the MIO radar and other MIO or international observing systems, as well as with the SOMLIT site (including also an ADCP) in the bay of Marseille. Moreover, with a bottom CTD, it can detect environmental anomalies in classical hydrographic data, useful for oceanographers. As one of the rare station at the interface between the continental shelf and offshore, it will allow to observe the long-term evolution of the Northern Current in the context of climate change and anthropogenic pressure, and its potential varying impact on the Gulf of Lion. The data are of course also crucial for modellers. Moreover they show a great potential when supplementing other MOOSE data (glider and radar). Timeseries : - JULIO 1 - 12/02/2012 -> 23/10/2012, every 4 minutes ; - JULIO 2 - 26/09/2013 -> 28/03/2014, every 4 minutes ; - JULIO 3 - 17/07/2014 -> 10/04/2015, every 4 minutes ; - JULIO 4 - 07/12/2020 -> 21/08/2021, every 5 minutes ; - JULIO 5 - 01/09/2021 -> 23/06/2022, every 4 minutes ; JULIO (Judicious Location for Intrusions Observations) est situé à proximité de l'isobathe de 100 m de profondeur (environ 5,25°E et 43,13°N), au large de Marseille. Grâce à son ADCP (300 kHz), il permet de mesurer les courants horizontaux (tous les 4 m et toutes les ½ h) à travers la colonne d'eau et, entre autres, d'identifier les périodes d'échange entre le courant du Nord et le plateau continental. Il s'agit d'un élément crucial dans l'étude du gradient littoral-offshore de Marseille à la station MOOSE 42°N5°E, et des covariances potentielles avec le radar MIO et autres systèmes d'observation MIO ou internationaux, ainsi qu'avec le site SOMLIT (incluant également un ADCP) dans la baie de Marseille. De plus, avec un CTD de fond, il peut détecter les anomalies environnementales dans les données hydrographiques classiques, utiles aux océanographes. En tant qu'une des rares stations à l'interface entre le plateau continental et le large, elle permettra d'observer l'évolution à long terme du courant du Nord dans le contexte du changement climatique et de la pression anthropique, et son impact potentiel variable sur le Golfe du Lion. Les données sont bien sûr également cruciales pour les modélisateurs. De plus, ils présentent un grand potentiel en complément d'autres données MOOSE (planeur et radar). Série temporelle #1: - JULIO 1 - 12/02/2012 -> 23/10/2012, toutes les 4 minutes ; - JULIO 2 - 26/09/2013 -> 28/03/2014, toutes les 4 minutes ; - JULIO 3 - 17/07/2014 -> 10/04/2015, toutes les 4 minutes ; - JULIO 4 - 07/12/2020 -> 21/08/2021, toutes les 5 minutes ; - JULIO 5 - 01/09/2021 -> 23/06/2022, toutes les 4 minutes ;

Communities of Rhopalocera (Lepidoptera) butterflies in 24 urban parks in Marseille Sampling of Rhopalocera communities: 7 to 12 transects in each of 24 urban parks in Marseille every 2 years since 2008. Increasing numbers of cities are currently developing sustainable policies aimed at promoting urban biodiversity and ecological dynamics through the planning of green networks and the implementation of more sustainable management practices. These human activities can strongly influence environmental factors on which the organization of ecological communities at different scales depends. Thus, it is of fundamental importance to understand the relative impact of local management, green space design and landscape features on the distribution and the abundance of species in urban areas. On the basis of 2 years of butterfly surveys in urban public parks within an extensive Mediterranean metropolitan area, Marseille (South-East France), the aim of this paper is to provide a better understanding of the effect of these three environmental scales (plot, park, landscape) on the composition and organization of species assemblages. Using variation partitioning and nestedness analysis on ecological data aggregated at plot-level and park-level respectively, we demonstrate the preponderant effect of landscape scale features on urban butterfly assemblages. Our results also highlight an important co-variation of plot management, park layout and urban landscape features, in their interaction with the community structure of urban butterflies. Although there is no significant species-area relationship, significantly nested patterns arise in species composition. Selective colonization appears as a driving force constraining the constitution of species assemblages within the city. However, a prospective study on adjacent more natural areas suggests that biotic limitations, interspecific competition and habitat filtering may play an important role if a larger portion of the urbanization gradient is explored, which remains to be investigated.

The Health and Demographic Surveillance System (HDSS) in Niakhar, a rural area of Senegal, is located 135 km east of Dakar. This HDSS has been set up in 1962 by the Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD) to face the shortcomings of the civil registration system and provide demographic indicators. Some 65 villages were followed annually in the Niakhar area from 1962 to 1969. The study zone was reduced to eight villages from 1969 to 1983, and from then on the HDSS was extended to include 22 other villages, covering a total of 30 villages for a population estimated at 45,000 in December 2013. Thus 8 villages have been under demographic surveillance for almost 50 years and 30 villages for 30years. Vital events, migrations, marital changes, pregnancies, immunization are routinely recorded (every four months). The database also includes epidemiological, economic and environmental information coming from specific surveys. Data were collected through annual rounds from 1962 to 1987; rounds became weekly from 1987 to 1997; routine visits were conducted every three months between 1997and 2007 and every four months since then. The current objectives are 1) to obtain a long-term assessment of demographic and socio-economic indicators necessary for bio-medical and social sciences research, 2) to keep up epidemiological and environmental monitoring, 3) to provide a research platform for clinical and interdisciplinary research (medical, social and environmental sciences). Research projects during the last 5 years are listed in Table 2. The Niakhar HDSS has institutional affiliation with the Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD, formerly ORSTOM). * Niakhar HDSS INDEPTH Core Dataset 1984-2016 (Release 2018). Provided by the INDEPTH Network Data Repository. http://indepth-ishare.org/index.php/catalog/132 * DOI : 10.7796/INDEPTH.SN013.CMD2016.v1 * https://doi.org/10.7796/INDEPTH.SN013.CMD2016.v1

In the framework of the SNO/SOERE MOOSE (Mediterranean Ocean Observing System on Environment https://www.ir-ilico.fr/Les-reseaux-elementaires/Fiches-d-identite-des-reseaux-elementaires/MOOSE ) program, the Mediterranean Institute of Oceanography is operating coastal High Frequency Surface Wave Radars (HF radar) on the North Western Mediterranean coast. This activity is also supported by the following European Research Infrastructure Jerico-Next (https://www.jerico-ri.eu), and Intereg MED programs as Impact and Sicomar +. HF radar provide high resolution (3­-5 km), synoptic view of surface currents from the shore up to 80 km off shore at hourly time scales. The measurement principle is based on the Doppler effect created by an additional current on the intrinsic speed of the waves selected by radar-sea interactions, called Bragg waves, having a wavelength of half that of the radar e.m. waves and propagating in the axis of observation (radial currents). A single radar scans the sea in azimuth and determines the radial components of the current at each adjacent cell along each azimuth. Two separate radars for the same area from different angles then collect the information necessary for mapping vector current from the combination of the two sets of radial components. The HF radar data set is made of monthly averaged surface currents, geo-referenced on cartesian lon/lat coordinates. The radial velocities maps are provided applying a Direction Finding technique (instead of traditional Beam Forming) not only to the full array of antenna but also to subarrays made of a smaller number of sequential antennas, a method which we refer to as "antenna grouping". Radials from Peyras-Peyras and Porquerolles-Benat are computed to reconstruct the vector field.

L’île de Bagaud, réserve intégrale du Parc National de Port Cros (PNPC), fait actuellement l‘objet d’un programme décennal de restauration écologique en vue de la préservation de son patrimoine naturel. Cette restauration consiste à contrôler deux espèces exotiques envahissantes : le rat noir (Rattus rattus) et la griffe de sorcière (Carpobrotus sp.). Débuté en 2010, ce programme permet l’étude de plusieurs groupes taxonomiques avant (2010-2011) et après contrôle (2013-2019) : (1) la flore, (2) les arthropodes épigés et les insectes volants, (3) les squamates, (4) les oiseaux terrestres nicheurs et (5) les oiseaux marins nicheurs. Ce projet fédère une large communauté d’acteurs académiques et non-académiques autour d’un objectif commun : contrôler et si possible éradiquer les espèces invasives de la réserve intégrale et suivre la résilience des groupes taxonomiques cités ci-dessus. Partenaires pour le suivi et l’analyse des données : IMBE, PNPC, CBNMed, association Reptil’Var, association DREAM et LPO. Autres partenaires : PIM, INRA, Conservatoire du Littoral, Domaine du Rayol, Naturoscope, UE, Natura2000, TLV, Région Sud, Naturalia Consultants en Environnement.

Une infrastructure de recherche européenne de mesure des concentrations atmosphériques des gaz à effet de serre et des flux de carbone sur les écosystèmes et l’océan. La tour ICOS (pour Integrated Carbon Observation System) installée à l'Observatoire de Haute Provence (OHP), haute de 100 m est une antenne régionale du dispositif permettant d’étudier la place de la forêt méditerranéenne dans le bilan de carbone. Elle est équipée d’instruments à trois niveaux (10, 50, 100 m). Le réseau est doté de 3 types de stations réparties sur le territoire : continentales, côtières et de montagne. Chacune de ces stations mesure les paramètres suivants : * température, direction et vitesse du vent, pression atmosphérique, humidité * CO2, CH4, CO, H2O * hauteur de couche limite atmosphérique (lidar) Les objectifs scientifiques de ce programme européen sont de : * tracer les flux de carbone en Europe et dans les régions adjacentes par observation des écosystèmes, de l'atmosphère et des océans à travers des réseaux intégrés, * fournir les observations à long terme nécessaires pour comprendre l'état présent et prévoir le comportement du carbone global et des émissions des gaz à effet de serre, * surveiller et évaluer l'efficacité de la séquestration du carbone et/ou de la réduction des émissions de gaz à effet de serre sur la composition globale de l'atmosphère, en prenant en compte les sources et les puits par région géographique et par secteur d'activité. L'infrastructure ICOS permet d'accueillir des chercheurs pour des campagnes de recherches

Suivi longitudinal sur 9 sites de terrain au Sénégal de l’observatoire ObsMiCE Paramètres mesurés: - détermination spécifique ; - indices d’abondance ; - données morphométriques, - estimation de l’âge, - paramètres de reproduction indicateurs de la dynamique des populations animales ; - prélèvements de tissus, d’ectoparasites et d’endoparasites ; - données environnementales ; - prévalence de parasites et pathogènes

"Towards an integrated prediction of Land & Sea Responses to global change in the Mediterranean Basin" The LaSeR-Med project aims at investigating the effects of climate change and of mediterranean population growth on some major indicators of the Mediterranean Sea (primary production, carbon export, zooplankton biomass available for small pelagic fishes, pH, dissolved oxygen) using and integrated model encompassing a socio-economic model, a continental model of agro-ecosystems, and a physical ocean-atmosphere model coupled to a biogeochemical model of the ocean. Last, a model for the widespread species of jellyfish Pelagia Noctiluca (Berline et al., 2013) uses biogeochemical outputs as food forcing for the jellyfish. In this project, our aim was first to investigate the large-scale and long-term impacts of variations in river inputs on the biogeochemistry of the Mediterranean Sea over the last decades (see Pages et al., 2020a). In the second phase, a climate scenario (RCP8.5) alone (Pages et al., 2020b) or combined with a “land-use” scenario derived to ensure the same level of food availability as today in 2050 have been run to investigate its effect on these indicators and to analyze the observed changes on the structure and the functioning of planktonic food web. This interdisciplinary project provided the framework for joint discussions on each of the sub-models that constitute the integrated model, namely the socio-economic model (Ami et al., in prep., Mardesic et al., in prep.) created ex nihilo by researchers from AMSE, INRA and GREQAM, the continental agro-ecosystem model LPJmL (Bondeau et al., 2007) worked on at IMBE so as to include the nitrogen and phosphorous cycles in the frame of the present project, and the ocean biogeochemical model Eco3M-Med developed at MIO (Baklouti et al., 2006; Alekseenko et al. 2014, Guyennon et al., 2015; Pagès et al., 2020a), forced by ocean physics, either using the ocean model NEMO-Med12 forced by atmosphere at IPSL (simulation NM12-FREE run with the NEMO-MED12 model and used for our hindcast simulation, see below) or a coupled ocean-atmosphere model at CNRM (physical forcing provided by CNRM-RCSM4, see below). Details on the CNRM-RCSM4 model The CNRM-RCSM4 simulates the main components of the Mediterranean regional climate system and their interactions. It includes four different components: (i) The atmospheric regional model ALADIN-Climate (Radu et al., 2008; Colin et al., 2010; Herrmann et al., 2011) characterized by a 50 km horizontal resolution, 31 vertical levels, and a time step of 1800 s, (ii) the ISBA (Interaction between Soil Biosphere and Atmosphere) land-surface model (Noilhan and Mahfouf, 1996) at a 50 km horizontal resolution, (iii) the TRIP (Total Runoff Integrating Pathways) river routing model (Oki and Sud, 1998), used to convert the runoff simulated by ISBA into rivers (Decharme et al., 2010; Szczypta et al., 2012; Voldoire et al., 2013), and (iv) the Ocean general circulation model NEMO (Nucleus for European Modeling of the Ocean, Madec and NEMO-Team, 2016) in its NEMO-MED8 regional configuration (Beuvier et al., 2010). NEMO-MED8 is characterized by a horizontal resolution of 1/8° (grid cells size from 6 to 12 km), a vertical resolution of 43 vertical levels (cell height ranging from 6 to 200 m), and a time step of 1200 s. More details about the CNRM-RCSM4 model can be found in Sevault et al. (2014). Keywords: - Mediterranean Sea, river inputs, chlorophyll, nutrients, phytoplankton, bacteria, zooplankton, dissolved and particulate organic detrital matter Citation: Pagès, R., Baklouti, M., Barrier, N., Richon, C., Dutay, J.-C., and Moutin, T. (2020a). Changes in rivers inputs during the last decades significantly impacted the biogeochemistry of the eastern Mediterranean basin: a modelling study. Prog. Oceanogr. 181:102242. doi:10.1016/j.pocean.2019.102242 Pagès, R., Baklouti, M., Barrier, N., Ayache, M., Sevault, F., Somot, S. and Moutin, T. (2020b). Projected Effects of Climate-Induced Changes in Hydrodynamics on the Biogeochemistry of the Mediterranean Sea Under the RCP 8.5 Regional Climate Scenario. Front. Mar. Sci. 7:563615. doi:10.3389/fmars.2020.563615 Ayache, M., Bondeau, A., Pagès, R., Barrier, N., Ostberg, S. and Baklouti, M. (2020). LPJmL-Med – Modelling the dynamics of the land-sea nutrient transfer over the Mediterranean region–version 1: Model description and evaluation. Geoscientific Model Development Discussions, Copernicus Publ.

Daily High Frequency Radar (HFR) surface current data (radial velocity files and total velocity file) from 2 different stations located on the French Mediterranean coast (Toulon), spanning from January 2012 to December 2019. The radial datasets have been processed to remove outliers. Then, the gaps in the data have been filled using the DINEOF algorithm. The total velocity is then reconstructed from the filled radial velocity files, and projected onto a cartesian grid of 1km x 1km. The HFR data comes from two systems, one monostatic radar PEY (located at Fort Peyras, La Seyne sur mer), and one bistatic POB (emitter located at Cap Bénat - Bormes les Mimosas, and transmitter on Porquerolles Island). The HFR data is initially hourly sampled. To remove the outliers of the data, for each timestep, a Probability Density Function (PDF) is computed on the spatial gradient of each radial map. Pixels with a spatial gradient with a probability under 3% are removed. Additionnally, for each pixel, a PDF is computed on the temporal gradient of its whole timeseries. Timesteps with a temporal gradient that have a probability under 1% are then removed. Then we proceed to a preliminary temporal and spatial hole filling of the missing data. For the timeseries of each pixel, timesteps that are surrounded by valid values within 3 hours (i.e. 3 timesteps) are filled by a weighted linear interpolation. For each timestep, pixels of the map surrounded by values within 1 grid point are filled in the same way. The radial data is then daily averaged. The DINEOF algorithm (http://modb.oce.ulg.ac.be/mediawiki/index.php/DINEOF) is run in a multivariate way (2 radial velocity files) using 50 EOF modes for the reconstruction. At some timesteps (shown by the flag variable of the file), the filling has not been possible, and the missing maps have been replaced by the temporal average radial map. The filled radial velocities are then locally interpolated onto a cartesian grid of 1km spatial resolution using a Weighted Least Square method. HF radar sites : - Peyras : 43°03'47.4"N, 5°51'40.3"E - Porquerolles (transmitter only): 42°58'59.0"N, 6°12'15.3"E - Bénat (receiver only): 43°05'31.5"N, 6°21'26.5"E EUROPEAN DIRECTORY OF MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH PROJECTS (EDMERP) : - SICOMAR PLUS(12402), IMPACT(12271), MOOSE(11574), and JERICO NEXT(12227) EQUIPEMENTS: - High Frequency Surface Wave radar WERA from HELZEL MESSTECHNIK PARAMETERS: - sea surface current Citation: Molcard, A., & Bourg, N. (2021). HF RADAR - French Riviera (Mediterranean Institute of Oceanography) - daily surface currents filled with DINEOF [Data set]. MIO UMR 7294 CNRS. https://doi.org/10.34930/9263C4DF-4F55-4C5A-B183-C40EE1D844B1

The scientific objectives of the project SOOT-SEA the objectives of this study in northern Vietnam are to determine: - (1) the composition of fine particles in order to assess their health, climatic and environmental impacts, - (2) their origin, both geographical and sectoral, - (3) atmospheric deposition fluxes, - (4) fluvial fluxes of black carbon towards the ocean. Study carried out during a complete annual cycle (weekly frequency). Aerosols were sampled for 24 hours using a large volume PM2.5 collector. Samples collected on quartz filters were analyzed to determine the concentrations of: - organic carbon (OC) and - elemental carbon (EC), - organic nitrogen (ON), - metals (Hg, Al, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co , Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Ag, Cd, Sn, Sb, Cs, Ce, Nd, Pb, U), - Pb isotopes, - PAHs, sugars, ions, organic acids, humic-like substances (HULIS). The oxidizing potential (OP) of these particles was determined using the DTT (Dithiotreithol) method. Citation: Mari, X., Uzu, G., Jaffrezo, J.-L., Dominutti, P., Chifflet, S., Tedetti, M., Guigue, C., Guyomarc’h , L., Heimburger, L.-E., & Raimbault, P. (2017). SOOT-SEA : Impact of Black Carbon in South East Asia [Data set]. MIO UMR 7294 CNRS. https://doi.org/10.34930/858FCE6B-A882-43C0-B5D0-81E80EFA7A1C